1. Matter = stuff
Examples: books, shells, rocks, fruit,
etc.
2. Properties of matter
A. Hardness, texture, shape, temperature,
flammability, size, and color
B. Can matter change properties?
3. States of matter-
A. solids, liquids, gases
B. fig. 1 (pg. 429)
4. Boiling point
A. temperature when a liquid boils
B. different liquids boil at
different temperatures
5. Melting point
A. temperature when a solid melts
B. various melting points
6. Changes in matter
A. Physical changes
1. alter the
form, but not the identity
2. ie. Water
B. Chemical changes
1. one or
more substances combined form new substances
2. ie. Sugar
into caramel
7. Types of matter
A. Mixtures
1. two or
more substances mixed together
2. ie. Sea
water, sugar water (juice)
B. Pure substances
1. made only
of one kind of matter
2. ie. Sugar,
iron, aluminum, copper
C. Elements
1. cannot
be broken down into other substances
D. Compounds
1. elements
combine to form compounds
2. ie. Water
H2O; carbon dioxide - CO2
Measuring Matter (Section 14-2)
1. Mass
A. Measurement of how much matter
it contains
B. Units of mass gram, kilogram
2. Volume
A. Amount of space matter occupies
B. fig. 8 (pg. 447)
C. Rectangular objects
1. V = L x
W x H
2. multiply
units
D. 1 mL = 1 cm3
3. Density
A. How much mass is contained in a
given volume
B. D=M/V
1. D = density
2. M = mass
3. V = volume
C. Units are g/cm3
D. fig 10 (page 450)
Particles of Matter (Section 14 - 3)
1. Atoms
A. Smallest possible piece
B. ie. Tearing a piece of paper
Can
you tear it into the smallest piece?
C. Smallest particles of an element
1. elements
substance in which all atoms are alike and cannot be broken
down
2. Democritus
A. Greek philosopher 440 B.C.
B. Suggested the idea of atomos (atom)
1. atomos
= uncuttable
2. term
is still used today
3. Dalton
A. Atomic Theory
1. Atoms cant
be broken into smaller pieces.
2. In any
element, all the atoms are exactly alike.
3. In any
two or more elements can combine to form compounds.
4. Atoms of
each element have a unique mass.
5. The masses
of the elements in a compound are always in a constant ratio.
B. Some exceptions to the statements,
but basically hold true today
4. Molecule
A. Group of atoms joined together
and act as a single unit
5. Chemical bond
A. Force which holds two atoms together
B. fig. 14 pg. 456
C. Read - How Small is Small? Pg.
456
6. Scanning tunneling microscope
A. Able to see atoms